They Rather Live in The Wild Than In Civilization

Best known from Jon Krakauer's book "Into the Wild," and the Sean Penn-directed movie of the same name, Christopher McCandless (who renamed himself "Alexander Supertramp") was an American itinerant who dreamed of an Alaskan Odyssey in which he would live off the land, far from civilization. Though he was well-educated, his upper-middle class background and academic success only fueled his contempt for what he saw as the empty materialism of society. Tragically, after living out his adventure for 113 days in the Alaskan wilderness, McCandless succumbed to starvation in late August 1992.

Thoreau was a famous American author, naturalist, philosopher and development critic best known for his book "Walden," in which he reflected upon a period of isolation spent living independently in a cabin beside Walden Pond in Massachusetts. Although Thoreau returned to civilization after his time at Walden, his purpose there was to isolate himself from society to gain a more objective understanding of it. The work is recognized as a personal declaration of independence, a voyage of spiritual discovery and manual for self reliance.

Tim Treadwell was an environmentalist, amateur naturalist, eco-warrior and documentary filmmaker who lived among the grizzly bears of Katmai National Park in Alaska. Despite living among the bears without any protection for 13 summers in a row, by the end of the last summer his luck had finally run out as he and his girlfriend, Amie Huguenard, were killed and eaten by a bear. Though some found his idealism naive, Treadwell fought to protect the habitat he loved through his activism and filmmaking. His story was immortalized in the documentary film "Grizzly Man."

Also known as the infamous Unabomber, Kaczynski is a primitivist who took his criticisms of civilization and technology to the extreme. Although he had a promising academic career, he eventually quit his professorship at the University of California at Berkeley to live in a remote cabin without running water or electricity in the wilds of Montana. There, Kaczynski began his bombing campaign, sending 16 bombs to targets including universities and airlines, killing three people and injuring 23. The rationale for his actions are outlined in his manifesto, titled Industrial Society and Its Future. He is serving life without parole in a federal prison.

Rondeau was a well-known hermit who evaded society in the high peaks of the Adirondack Mountains in New York. Before retiring to his remote wilderness home at the age of 46, Rondeau had said that he was "not well-satisfied with the world and its trends." Although he remained mostly isolated, Rondeau would occasionally accept visitors to his hermitage, and even performed the violin for them. Unfortunately, he was forced to move from his home in the Adirondacks and eventually died in 1967 while on welfare.

Escaping the impiety of civilization for the spiritual purity of nature has been a major motivation for monks and zealots of various creeds and religions throughout history as they search for God or enlightenment. One example of this were the "Desert Fathers," Christian hermits of the third century who abandoned the cities of the "pagan world" to live in solitude in the desert of Egypt. Among the best known of the Desert Fathers was Anthony the Great, who was the first known ascetic to go directly into the wilderness, a geographical shift that seems to have contributed to his renown.

|Paul Gauguin| He was a leading Post-Impressionist artist, painter and writer known for his primitivist style and philosophy. In 1891, frustrated by lack of recognition at home and financially destitute, he decided to sail to the tropics to escape European civilization and "everything that is artificial and conventional." He spent his remaining years living in Tahiti and the Marquesas Islands, where he sided with the natives and clashed with colonial forces. His works of that period are full of exoticized views of the inhabitants of Polynesia.